Help can be obtained on the following SHAZAM commands and topics:
ARIMA AUTO BAYES BOX CHECKOUT COEF COINT COMPRESS CONFID Continuation Lines COPY DELETE DEMO DERIV DIAGNOS DIM DISPLAY DISTRIB DLAG DO DUMP END ENDIF ENDO EQ Error Codes EXEC FC FILE FLS FORMAT GAMES GENR GEN1 GLS GME HET IF IF1 INDEX INST INTEG LAMBDA LOGIT LP MATRIX MENU MLE NAMES New Features NL NONPAR OLS PAR PAUSE PC PLOT POOL PRINT PROBIT PROC PROCEND READ RENAME RESTORE RESTRICT REWIND ROBUST SAVE SET SIZE SKIPIF SAMPLE SORT STAT STOP SYSTEM Temporary Variables TEST TIME TITLE TOBIT WRITE 2SLSAdditional information on SHAZAM can be found:
Info BooksInformation on SHAZAM is available as follows:
SHAZAM
Department of Economics
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1
CANADA
URL: http://shazam.econ.ubc.ca/ or http://econometrics.com
Information and ordering details:
FAX : 1-604-608-5511
E-mail: info@shazam.econ.ubc.ca
Technical Help:
FAX : 1-604-822-5915
Phone : 1-604-822-9436
E-mail: help@shazam.econ.ubc.ca
Professional Edition for Windows:
E-mail: pro@shazam.econ.ubc.ca
Books
Documentation on all SHAZAM commands is available in:Addition instructions on using SHAZAM are found in:
New Features
The following new features should be noted: October 1996 : The LOG option on the PROBIT or LOGIT command computes elasticities at means and weighted aggregate elasticities assuming the explanatory variables are log-transformed variables. December 1996 : The HETCOV option on the POOL command gives pooled OLS estimation with "Panel Corrected Standard Errors" (PCSE).COINT Command
The COINT command implements tests for unit roots and cointegration. In general, the format is: COINT vars / options where vars is a list of variable names. The available options are:
DN Use a divisor of N (rather than N-K) when estimating
the variance used in calculating the t-statistics.
DUMP Gives output of interest to SHAZAM consultants.
LOG Takes logs of the data.
MAX Gives more detailed ouptut.
BEG= END= Specifies the BEGinning and ENDing observations to be
used in the calculations. This option overrides the
SAMPLE command and defaults to the sample range in effect.
NDIFF= Specifies the order of differencing to transform the
the data for unit root tests.
NLAG= Specifies the number of lag terms in the Dickey-Fuller
regressions or the truncation lag parameter for the
Phillips tests. If this is not specified then the order
is set as the highest significant lag order from either
the ACF or PACF of the first differenced series.
RESID= Specifies a matrix to save the residuals from the
regression equations used for the unit root tests.
The first column is the residuals from the constant,
no trend regression and the second column is the
residuals from the constant, trend regression for the
first series. The third and fourth column are the
residuals for the second series (if requested).
For example, to inspect the ACF of the residuals the
following SHAZAM commands could be used.
?demo
SAMPLE 1 17
COINT CONSUME PRICE / NLAG=2 RESID=EMAT SIGLEVEL=5
* Adjust the sample period for the observations lost due to lags
GEN1 BEG=4
GEN1 END=17
GEN1 NOBS=END-BEG+1
SAMPLE 1 NOBS
DO #=1,4
COPY EMAT E / FROW=BEG;END FCOL=#;# TROW=1;NOBS TCOL=1;1
* Now inspect the residuals with the ARIMA command
ARIMA E
ENDO
STOP
SIGLEVEL= Specifies the significance level for the critical
values. Use SIGLEVEL=5 for 5% critical values and
use SIGLEVEL=10 (the default) for 10% critical values.
TESTSTAT= Saves the test statistics in the variable specified.
TYPE= Specifies the type of tests to calculate. The available
options are:
DF For Dickey-Fuller unit root tests.
This is the default.
PP For Phillips-Perron unit root tests.
RESD For Dickey-Fuller tests on the residuals of
cointegrating regressions.
RESP For Phillips tests on the residuals of
cointegrating regressions.
SAMPLE command
The SAMPLE command specifies the sample range in effect. In general, the format is: SAMPLE beg end where beg and end are numbers specifying the beginning and ending observation in the sample range. The expanded form (not available with the READ command) is: SAMPLE beg1 end1 beg2 end2 ... The SAMPLE command may be called SMPL for compatibility with old versions and other programs.READ Command
The READ command reads data. In general, the format is: READ vars / options or READ (unit) vars / options or READ (filename) vars / options The available options are:
BINARY The data is in double precision binary.
BYVAR The data is read variable by variable.
CLOSE Closes a file that was opened for a READ or WRITE
command.
DIF Data is read from a DIF file.
EOF Prevents SHAZAM from reading any further observations.
FORMAT The data is read according to the Fortran type.
LIST Lists all the data read in.
NOREWIND Prevents the read unit from rewinding.
REWIND Rewinds the input data file before reading any data.
TSP Data is in TSP format.
BEG= END= Resets the sample size for the given READ command.
ROWS= COLS= Specifies the dimensions of the matrix to be read in.
SKIPLINES= Skips the number of lines specified before reading
in any data.
WRITE Command
The WRITE command writes data. In general, the format is: WRITE(unit) vars / options or WRITE(filename) vars / options The available options as described for the READ command are:
BYVAR, CLOSE, DIF, FORMAT, NAMES, WIDE, BEG=, and END=.
BINARY Writes the specified variables in double precision binary.
REWIND Used to rewind the output data file before and after
data is written.
STOP Command
The STOP command terminates execution and returns you to the system.DEMO Command
The DEMO command teaches you how to use SHAZAM, just keep typing DEMO and it will slowly teach you some SHAZAM basics.MENU Command
The MENU command displays a list of SHAZAM commands and indicates which commands are valid to type at any point in time.PRINT Command
The PRINT command prints variables. In general, the format is: PRINT vars / options The available options are:
BYVAR Prints one variable at a time.
FORMAT The currently defined FORMAT is used.
NEWLINE These options will start a new line, page or sheet
NEWPAGE before printing. The NEWSHEET option will only
NEWSHEET work on page printers which use a : as the new
sheet control character.
NONAMES The heading of variable names is deleted.
WIDE Uses 120 columns, NOWIDE will use 80 columns.
BEG= END= Resets the sample size for the given PRINT command.
You may print a series of vectors, in which case they
will appear as columns on the page. If you only print
one vector it will be presented in horizontal format.
FORMAT Command
The FORMAT command is used to specify a FORMAT to be used in a later READ , WRITE , or PRINT command with the FORMAT option. In general, the format is: FORMAT(Fortran type format) For example,
FORMAT(3F5.2,4F12.1,2X,F1.0)
If the
FORMAT
is used for a PRINT statement the user should be careful not to print in
column 1 since that column is used for print carriage control.
SET Command
The SET commands allows you to turn on or off and set certain options. In general, the format to turn the options on is: SET option The format to turn off the options is: SET NOoption The available options are:
BATCH Tells SHAZAM it is a Batch run.
CC Carriage control - some commands will skip to a new
page.
COLOR/NOCOLOR Used on IBM PC Compatible machines with the Color EGA
monitor to obtain a color background.
CPUTIME Prints the amount of computer time used in the run.
DELETE In Distributed Lag models SHAZAM automatically
deletes a number of observations equal to the longest
lag before estimation. Use SET NODELETE to disable this.
DOECHO Echos commands at each pass thru DO LOOP.
DUMP DUMPs a lot of output.
ECHO Echos SHAZAM commands.
FRENCH All commands may be typed in French.
LASTCOM Creates a variable called C$ which will contain
the previous command typed.
LCUC Converts all lower case characters to upper case.
Use SET NOLCUC to distinguish upper and lower case.
MAX Turns on maximum output.
NOCC Turns off the carriage control.
OPTIONS Turns on the display of all options for each command.
OUTPUT Turns on the output for all following commands.
Use SET NOOUTPUT to suppress all output.
PAUSE Causes a pause after each command is executed.
RANFIX Prevents random number generator from being set by
the system clock.
SAMPLE/NOSAMPLE Allows use of the omitted observations in expanded
form of the SAMPLE command to be turned on and off.
SCREEN Echos the SHAZAM output to the terminal screen when
the output has also been redirected to a file
assigned to Unit 6. (Works on some computers)
SKIP Puts SKIPIFs back.
SKIPMISS Skips observations with a value equal to the MISSVALUE=
STATUS With some computers displays a status line.
TALK Tells SHAZAM you are at a terminal and are typing
in SHAZAM commands interactively.
TERMINAL Tells SHAZAM you are at a terminal and commands have
all ready been put in a file assigned to Unit 5.
TIMER Turns on the timer.
TRACE Traces subroutine flow.
WARN/NOWARN Warning messages are normally printed for illegal
operations in GENR, MATRIX, IF, SKIPIF and ENDIF
statements.
WARNSKIP/ Warning messages are printed for every observation
NOWARNSKIP skipped by a SKIPIF command.
WIDE WIDE assumes that up to 120 columns are available.
COMLEN=xxx Sets maximum length of command.
MAXCOL=xxx Specifes the maximum number of a column or
observation used after a ":".
MISSVALU=XXX Specifies Missing value code, Default=-99999
OUTUNIT= When the output is going to more than one file.
RANSEED=xxx Sets the seed for the random number generator. To turn
on an option you would say something like SET DUMP. Then
to turn it off you would say SET NODUMP.
DISPLAY Command
The DISPLAY command will display the current value of any option that you have specified with the SET command. In general, the format is: DISPLAY option The CPUTIME option shows the CPU time used.OLS Command
The OLS command will perform OLS regressions. In general, the format is: OLS depvar indeps / options The available options are:
ANOVA Prints analysis of variance tables and model selection
tests.
AUXRSQR Prints the R-squared statistic for the auxiliary
regressions.
DFBETAS Used with the INFLUENCE option if you want the
DFBETAS computed.
DLAG Used to compute Durbin's h statistic when there
is a LAGged Dependent variable.
DN Uses a divisor of N instead of N-K for SIGMA**2.
DUMP DUMPS large amounts of data on the regression.
DWPVALUE Computes the exact Durbin Watson probability.
GF Prints Goodness of Fit tests for normality of
residuals.
GNU Plots residuals and fitted values with GNUPLOT.
HETCOV Uses Heteroskedastic-Consistent covariance matrix.
INFLUENCE Computes the Belsey-Kuh-Welsch Influence Diagnostics.
LINLOG Used when the dependent variable is linear, but the
independent variable are in LOG form.
LIST Lists the residuals and predicted values of the
dependent variable and residual statistics.
LM Gives the Jargue-Bera Lagrange Multiplier test for
normality of residuals.
LOGLIN Used when the dependent variable is in LOG form, but
the independent variables are linear.
LOGLOG Used when the dependent variable and all the
independent variables are in log form.
MAX Prints analysis of variance tables, variance-covariance
matrix, correlation matrix, residuals, residual
statistics, goodness of fit test for normality,
Jarque-Bera test, and plots residuals.
NOCONSTANT Removes the intercept from the equation.
NOMULSIGSQ When NOMULSIGSQ is specified the estimated covariance
matrix will just be X'X inverse.
NONORM Weights are NOT to be normalized.
PCOR Prints the correlation matrix of coefficients.
PCOV Prints the covariance matrix of coefficients.
PLUSH Prints the LUSH residuals.
REPLICATE Used with WEIGHT= if your weights indicate a sample
replication factor.
RESTRICT Forces restrictions into the regression.
RSTAT Prints and plots residuals and residual statistics.
UT Used with WEIGHT= if you want the residuals and
predicted values to be UnTransformed.
AUTCOV= Autocorrelation equivalent to HETCOV option.
BEG= END= Specifies the sample size for the given command.
COEF= Stores the coefficients in another variable.
COV= Saves the variance-covariance matrix.
FE=,FX= Specify F values in Stepwise regression.
HATDIAG= Saves the diagonal of the so-called Hat Matrix.
IDVAR= Specifies a variable which contains names to be
printed out next to the residuals when the LIST
option is used.
INCOEF= Used to specify a vector of coefficients to input if
you do not want to estimate the mode.
INCOVAR= Used with the INCOEF= option to specify covariance matrix.
INDW= Specifies a value for the Durbin-Watson test statistic.
INSIG2= Used with the INCOEF= option described above to specify
a value of sigma - squared.
METHOD= Specifies the METHOD; GS (Gram Schmidt) (default),
HH (Householder), or NORMAL (Normal Equations).
ORDER= Specifies the order to test with the DWPVALUE option.
PCINFO= The matrix of Information obtained from a previous
PC command for regression on Principal Components.
PCOMP= The matrix of Principal Components if this is a
regression on Principal Components.
PE=,PX= Specify probability levels in Stepwise regression.
PREDICT= Saves the predicted values of the dependent variables.
RESID= Saves the values of the residuals from the regression.
RIDGE= Specifies a value of k to be used in Ridge regression.
STDERR= Saves the values of the standard errors of the coefficients.
TRATIO= Saves the values of the t-ratios on the coefficients.
WEIGHT= Specifies a weight for a Weighted Least Squares regression.
The temporary variables available on the
OLS
command are:
$ADR2, $ANF, $DF, $ERR, $CDF, $DW, $K, $LLF, $N, $PI, $R2, $R2OP, $RAW, $RHO, $SIG2, $SSE, $SSR, $SST, $ZANF, $ZSSR, and $ZSST.ANOVA option: $FPE, $LAIC, $LSC, $GCV, $HQ, $RICE, $SHIB, $SC, and $AIC. DLAG option: $DURH LM option: $JB
GLS Command
The GLS command does Generalized Least Squares Regressions. In general, the format is: GLS depvar indeps / options The user must specify one of PMATRIX= , OMEGA= , or OMINV= as one of the GLS options to tell SHAZAM which matrix to use for estimation. The available options are:
BLUP Predicted values are adjusted using info obtained
from previous period residuals according to the
transformation specified by the P matrix.
DUMP Prints the Omega, Omega Inverse and P matrices used.
FULLMAT If the user is passing the full matrix.
NOMULSIGSQ When the matrix is the actual covariance matrix this
option is specified so the matrix is not multiplied by
sigma squared.
UT Estimated coefficients will be used with the original
data to compute predicted values and residuals that
are not transformed.
PMATRIX=, Specifies the matrix to be used for estimation.
OMEGA=,
OMINV=
RESID= Saves the residuals according to UT and BLUP.
Other options available are:
ANOVA, DLAG, DN, GF, LIST, MAX, NOCONSTANT, PCOR, PCOV, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=as defined for the OLS command. For available temporary variables see the OLS command.
GME Command
The GME command implements Generalized Entropy methods. In general, the format of the GME command is: GME depvar indeps / options where options as described for OLS :LINLOG, LIST, LOGLIN, LOGLOG, NOCONSTANT, PCOV, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=.Options as described for NL are:
CONV=, ITER=, PITER=, and START=.Other options are:
DEVIATION Variables are converted to deviations from means. This
forces the NOCONSTANT option.
LOGEPS= Small constant to avoid numerical underflow.
QPRIOR= Matrix of priors for supports specified in ZENTROPY=.
UPRIOR= Matrix of priors for supports specified in VENTROPY=.
VENTROPY= Matrix of support points for the unknown disturbances.
ZENTROPY= Matrix of support points for the unknown coefficients.
2SLS Command
In general, the format of the 2SLS command is: 2SLS depvar rhsvars (exogs) / options where exogs is a list of exogenous variables. SHAZAM automatically includes a constant term in exogs unless the NOCONEXOG option is specified. The available options as described for the OLS command are:DN, DUMP, GF, LIST, MAX, NOCONSTANT, PCOR, PCOV, RESTRICT, RSTAT BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, and RESID=.
INST Command
In general, the format of the INST command is: INST depvar rhsvars (instvars) / options The INST command is identical to the 2SLS command.SYSTEM Command
To set up a system for estimation, the following commands are used: SYSTEM neq exogs / options
DN Uses N as the divisor for the covariance matrix.
DUMP For SHAZAM consultants.
FULL Gives full equation output.
LIST Used as described for the OLS command.
RSTAT
MAX
GF
NOCONEXOG Do not include a constant in the list of exogs variables.
NOCONSTANT Suppresses the intercept in all equations.
PCOR,PCOV Print the correlation and covariance matrices of all
variables in the system after convergence.
PINVEV Prints the inverse of the exogenous variables matrix
when the 3SLS system is being used.
PSIGMA Prints the residual covariance matrix (SIGMA) after
each iteration.
RESTRICT Used when the SYSTEM command is to be followed by
RESTRICT commands and an END command.
COEF= Saves the values of the COEFficients (excluding the
intercept).
COEFMAT= Saves the values of the COEFficients (including the
intercept) in a matrix with each column of the
matrix representing one equation.
CONV= Specifies a convergence criterion to stop the
iterative procedure.
COV= Saves the COVariance matrix.
ITER= Specifies the maximum number of iterations.
OUT=,IN= Used to output a file of useful information on
unit 11 at each iteration, so that the system can
be restarted in another run at the same point by
inputting the file from unit 11.
PITER= Specifies the frequency with which ITERations are
to be Printed.
PREDICT= Saves the predicted values of the dependent variable.
RESID= Saves the residuals from the regression.
SIGMA= Save the residual covariance matrix (SIGMA).
PROBIT Command
The PROBIT command does Probit regressions. In general, the format is: PROBIT depvar indeps / options The available options on the PROBIT command are:
DUMP Of interest to SHAZAM consultants.
LIST Prints the index, I, the predicted and observed
values of the dependent variable, a plot of the
predicted values and the residual statistics.
LOG Computes elasticities assuming log-transformed variables.
PCOV Prints the estimated asymptotic covariance matrix.
RSTAT Prints residual statistics.
CONV= Sets the convergence criterion for the log-likelihood
function.
IMR= Saves the computed Inverse Mill's Ratio.
INDEX= Saves the index.
ITER= Sets maximum number of iterations.
PITER= Specifies the frequency with which the ITERations will
be Printed.
PREDICT= Stores the predicted probabilities.
Other options available are:
MAX, NOCONSTANT, NONORM, PCOR, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, STDERR=, TRATIO=, and WEIGHT=as defined for OLS .
LOGIT Command
The LOGIT command does Logit regressions. The format and options are the same as those for PROBIT . (However, the IMR= option may not be valid).TOBIT Command
The TOBIT command does TOBIT regressions. In general, the format is: TOBIT depvar indeps / options The available options are:
DUMP Of interest to SHAZAM consultants.
LIST Prints the index, I, the density and cumulative
probabilities corresponding to the index I and
the observed and expected and conditional values of
the dependent variable.
PCOR Prints the correlation matrix of the normalized
coefficients.
PCOV Prints the extimated asymptotic covariance matrix
of the normalized coefficients.
UPPER Used if it is an upper rather than a lower limit.
CONV= Sets the convergence criterion for the log-likelihood
function.
INDEX= Saves the INDEX.
ITER= Sets the maximum number of iterations allowed.
LIMIT= Specifies the limiting value of the dependent variable.
PITER= Specifies the frequency with which iterations are to be
printed.
PREDICT= Saves the predicted values of the dependent variable.
Other options available are:
MAX, NOCONSTANT, NONORM, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, STDERR=, TRATIO=, and WEIGHT=as defined for OLS .
TEST Command
The TEST command does hypothesis testing. In general, the format is: TEST equationEND Command
The END command is used in: non-linear estimation to mark the end of the EQ and COEF commands; conjunction with all estimation procedures when joint tests are being done with TEST commands - in this case the END command marks the end of the TEST commands that form the joint test; conjunction with some estimation procedures when RESTRICT commands are being used - in this case the END command marks the end of the RESTRICT commands.PLOT Command
The PLOT command plots variables. Not all options are available on all machines. In general, the format is: PLOT depvars indep / options The available options are:
ALTERNATE Alternates the symbols 'X' and 'O' in plotting
columns of the histogram when the HISTO option is used.
DASH Gives dashed lines.
GNU Prepares GNUPLOT graphs (SEE BELOW for options).
...MSDOS-PC OPTIONS
GRAPHICS These options are used only on PC Compatible Personal
EGA Computers running MSDOS operating system to obtain
VGA graphics on your system.
HERCULES
... Macintosh
GOAWAY Used with the GRAPHICS option if you wish the Plot
Window to go away after the plot appears on the screen.
GRAPHICS Creates a Plot Window and draws a Graphics plot. To remove
the Plot, click the GO AWAY Box. You may also use the
LINE and LINEONLY options.
.....
HISTO Plots histograms for the variables specified.
HOLD Prevents the plot from being printed.
LINE Used with the GRAPHICS, EGA, HERCULES, or TOSHIBA
options to draw a line connecting data points and
plot a symbol at each point.
LINEONLY Used with the GRAPHICS, EGA, HERCULES, or TOSHIBA
options to draw a line connecting the data points.
NOBLANK Prints the previously held plot as well as the current
one.
NOPRETTY Tells SHAZAM not to attempt to make axes pretty and
just use the range of the data directly.
NOSAME Uses a separate page for each plot.
NOWIDE 80 columns are available for the plot.
PAUSE Used with one of the graphics options on IBM-PC Compatible
or Macintosh computers to temporarily stop the screen
after a graphics plot appears.
PRINT Used with one of the graphics options on IBM-PC
Compatible computers to PRINT the plot on a printer.
RANGE Uses the entire range of the data for plotting
the histogram.
SAME Plots depvars against the indep on the SAME plot.
TIME Plots the variables listed against time.
WIDE 120 columns are available for the plot.
BEG= END= Sets the sample size for the given PLOT command.
CHARSIZE= Used with the GRAPHICS option to specify a character size.
DEVICE= Available with the GRAPHICS option.
GROUPS= When the HISTO option is used SHAZAM normally places
data into 6 groups. This option can be used to specify
up to 60 groups. Suggested values for the GROUPS= are 2,3,
4,5,6,10,12,15,30 or 60.
OUTPUT= Available with the GRAPHICS option.
PORT= Available with the GRAPHICS option.
SYMBOL= Uses the user specified symbol.
XMIN=,XMAX= Specifies the desired range for the X and Y axis.
YMIN=,YMAX= Must be used with the NOPRETTY option.
The
GNU
option prepares an interface to the GNUPLOT graphics package. When this
option is used the following
PLOT
options are available:
HISTO, LINE, LINEONLY, TIME, BEG=, END=, and GROUPS=.Additional options are:
APPEND KEY / NOKEY COMMFILE= DATAFILE= DEVICE= Use DEVICE=POSTSCRIPT to send output to a PostScript file. OUTPUT= PORT=
DUMP Command
The DUMP command will dump common blocks and other information useful only to SHAZAM consultants. DUMP DATA will give a listing of all the current variables, their addresses, increment, type, total number of observations, and second if a matrix.REWIND Command
The REWIND command is used to rewind the READ or WRITE units. REWIND is also available as an option on the READ or WRITE commands. The format of the REWIND command is: REWIND unitSIZE Command
The SIZE command sets the maximum number of variables. This command is not available on all computers. In general, the format is: SIZE maximumINDEX Command
To calculate Indexes it is necessary to have prices and quantities for at least two commodities. In general, the format is: INDEX p1 q1 p2 q2 p3 q3 ... pn qn / options The available options are:
ALTERN Normally, the variable list is as described above,
where p and q alternate in the list.
CHAIN Chains the Laspeyres, Paasche or Fisher indices using
the method described above. The Divisia index is
always chained.
EXPEND Indicates that the quantity variables measure
expenditures rather than quantities.
NOALTERN Lists all the prices then all the quantities.
NOLIST The price and quantity indexes are not printed.
BASE= Specifies the observation request for a base
year to use for the index.
DIVISIA= Specify the type of index to be calculated and
PAASCHE= the variable into which the result should be placed.
LASPEYRE= If a quantity index is desired, the option name
FISHER= should begin with a Q. Option names not beginning
QDIVISIA= with a Q refer to price indexes.
QPAASCHE=
QLASPEYRES=
QFISHER=
If there is a zero price or quantity in any year the commodity will
be ignored for that year. To compute a quantity indexes reverse
the p and q variables on the
INDEX
command.
STAT Command
The STAT command will print means, standard deviations, variances, minimums, and maximums for the variables listed. In general, the format is: STAT vars / options The available options are:
ALL The basic statistics are computed for ALL the variables
in the data.
ANOVA Prints an ANalysis Of VAriance table and an F value
that tests the null hypothesis that the means of
all the variables listed on the given STAT command
are the same.
BARTLETT Perform Bartlett's Homogeneity of Variance Test.
DN Uses N rather than N-1 in computing variances.
MATRIX Uses any matrices contained in the list vars
as single variables.
MAX Prints PCOR, PCOV, PCP, PCPDEV and PRANKCOR matrices.
PCOR Prints a CORrelation matrix of the variables listed.
PCOV Prints a COVariance matrix of the variables listed.
PCP Prints a CrossProduct matrix of the variables listed.
PCPDEV Prints a CrossProduct matrix of variables in
DEViations from the means.
PFREQ Prints tables of FREQuencies.
PMEDIAN Prints the MEDIAN, mode and quartiles for each variable.
PRANKCOR PRints a matrix of Spearman's RANK CORrelation
coefficients.
REPLICATE Used with WEIGHT= when weights are replication factors.
WIDE= Prints the Coefficient of Variation and the Constant-
Digits statistic.
BEG= END= Specify the beginning and end observations to be used
in the given STAT command.
COR= Saves the Correlation Matrix.
COV= Saves the Covariance Matrix.
CP= Saves the CrossProduct Matrix.
CPDEV= Saves the CrossProduct Matrix in deviations from
the mean.
MAXIM= Saves the MAXIMums as a vector.
MEAN= Saves the MEANS as a vector.
MEDIAN= Saves the MEDIANS as a vector.
MINIM= Saves the MINIMums as a vector.
MODE= Saves the MODES as a vector.
RANKCOR= Saves the RANK CORrelation Matrix.
STDEV= Saves the Standard Deviations as a vector.
SUMS= Stores the sum of each variable as a vector.
VAR= Saves the VARiances as a vector.
WEIGHT= Specifies a variable to be used as WEIGHTs if
weighted descriptive statistics are desired.
DISTRIB Command
The DISTRIB command will compute probabilities for variables. In general, the format is: DISTRIB vars / options The available options are:
INVERSE Returns critical values of the distributions instead of
probabilities. This option may not be used with
EDGE or IMHOF.
LLF Computes the Log of the Likelihood function for the
data and prints it and stores it in the temporary
variable $LLF.
NOLIST Suppresses list of probabilities.
ACCURACY= Level of accuracy for TYPE=DAVIES.
BEG= END= Specifies the sample range to be used.
BIGN= Specifies the population size for the Hypergeometric
distribution.
BIGX= Specifies the population number of successes for the
Hypergeometric distribution.
C= Specifies non-centrality parameter for non-central
F distribution.
CDF= Saves the cumulative distribution probability.
CRITICAL= Saves the critical values when the INVERSE option is used.
DF= Specifies the degrees of freedom. Used only with
TYPE=T and TYPE=CHI.
DFVEC= Specifies vector of Degrees of Freedom for TYPE=DAVIES.
DF1=,DF2= Specifies the degrees of freedom for the numerator and
the denominator. Used only with TYPE=F.
EIGENVAL= Specifies the eigenvalue to be used with the
TYPE=IMHOF option.
H= Specifies the precision parameter for the t-distribution.
K= Parameter K for TYPE=BURRII, BURRIII, BURRXII
KURTOSIS= Specifies the population KURTOSIS parameter for an EDGE
approximation.
LAMBDA= A LAMBDA vector with TYPE=DAVIES.
LIMIT= Integration terms with TYPE=DAVIES.
MEAN= Specifies the population mean value. This option is
used only with TYPE=NORMAL and TYPE=EDGE.
N= Saves the sample size for the Hypergeometric distribution.
NEIGEN= Specifies the number of Eigenvalues to be used with
the TYPE=IMHOF option if the entire vector is not required.
NONCEN= Specifies the non-centrality parameter value of
the Davies distribution.
PDF= Saves the densities in the variable specified.
P=,N= Specifies the parameters of the BINOMIAL distribution.
P=,Q= Specifies the parameters of BETA or GAMMA distribution.
SKEWNESS= Specifies the population skewness coefficient for an
EDGE approximation.
S=,V= Specifies the parameters of Inverted Gamma distribution.
TYPE= Specifies the type of distributions. The choices
are: BETA, BINOMIAL, BURRII, BURRIII, BURRXII, CHI,
DAVIES, EDGE, F, GAMMA, HYPERGEO, IG2, IMHOF, NORMAL and T.
VAR= Specifies the variance. Used only with TYPE=BETA,
TYPE=EDGE and TYPE=NORMAL.
The types of distribution available on the
TYPE=
option are:
BETA Beta Distribution
P= and Q=, or MEAN= and VAR= must be used. The beta
variable must be in the 0-1 interval.
BINOMIAL Binomial Distribution
When the BINOMIAL distribution is specified the
N= and P= options must be used.
BURRII, BURRIII,
BURRXII The Burr Distribution.
CHI Chi Squared Distribution
DF= must be used.
DAVIES Davies Distribution.
EDGE Edgeworth Approximation
MEAN=, VAR=, SKEWNESS=, and KURTOSIS= should be used.
F F Distribution
DF1= and DF2= must be used.
C= must be used for a Non-Central F Distribution.
GAMMA Gamma Distribution, parameters are P= and Q=.
HYPERGEO Hypergeometric Distribution, parameters are
BIGN=, N=, and BIGX=.
IG2 Inverted Gamma, parameters are S= and V=.
IMHOF Imhof Distribution
EIGENVAL= must be used.
NORMAL Normal Distribution
MEAN= and VAR= should be used with it.
T Student's t Distribution
DF= must be used.
GENR Command
The GENR command will create new variables from old ones and do a variety of data transformations. The SAMPLE command in effect defines the observation range used in GENR commands. In general, the format of the GENR command is: GENR newvar = f(oldvars) The following mathematical operators may be used:addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication(*), division(/), exponentiation(**), .EQ.,.NE.,.GE.,.GT.,.LE.,.LT.(relations), .NOT.,.AND.,.OR.(logical operators).Operators are listed according to priority-level. Unary functions are first priority. The available unary functions are:
ABS(x), DUM(x), EXP(x), INT(x), LAG(x), LAG(x,n), LGAM(x), LOG(x), MAX(x,y), MIN(x,y), MOD(x,y), NCDF(x), NOR(x), SAMP(x), SEAS(x), SIN(x), SQRT(x), SUM(x), SUM(x,n), TIME(x), UNI(x).
GEN1 Command
The GEN1 command will generate a constant. In general, the format is: GEN1 equation For example:
GEN1 NOB=$N
Saves the value of the number of observations from a previous
regression in the variable NOB. (Also type
HELP TEMP
).
DERIV Command
The DERIV command will differentiate an equation with respect to any variable and return the derivates as another variable. In general, the format is: DERIV variable resultvar = equation where variable is the variable in the equation for which the derivative should be taken with respect to and the result of the derivative will be placed in the variable resultvar.IF Command
The IF command is a conditional form of the GENR command. It will perform the implied GENR option if the condition is true. In general, the format is: IF(expression) where expression is an expression in parentheses to be evaluated.IF1 Command
Equivalent to a SAMPLE 1 1 and an IF command.INTEG Command
The INTEG command will perform numeric univariate integration on an equation. In general, the format is: INTEG variable lower upper resultvar = equation where integral of the equation with respect to the variable will be taken using the range specified in lower and upper. The result of the integration will be placed in the variable resultvar.SKIPIF Command
The SKIPIF command is used to specify conditions under which observations are to be skipped. (The observations will still be in the data and will be used in all GENR statements, but will not be used in estimation.) In general, the format is: SKIPIF(expression) The observation will be skipped if the value of the expression is positive; otherwise, the observations is retained. To completely eliminate all SKIPIF commands in effect: DELETE SKIP$MATRIX Command
The MATRIX command will do matrix operations. In general, the format is: MATRIX newmat = f(newmat) The following logical operators are valid on the MATRIX command: negation(-), multiplication(*), addition(+), subtraction(-), transpose('), Kronecker multiplication(@), Hadamard division(/), and Concatenation (|). Regular matrix rules apply on the MATRIX command. The available options are:
CHOL(matrix) Cholesky's decomposition of symmetric positive.
DET(matrix) Determinant of matrix.
DIAG(matrix) Diagonal.
EIGVAL(matrix) The eigenvalues of matrix are taken.
EIGVEC(matrix) The eigenvector of matrix is taken.
EXP(matrix) Exponential operator is applied to each element
of matrix.
FACT(matrix) Factors the inverse of the matrix.
IDEN(ndim) Identity matrix is created.
IDEN(ndim,ndiag) A matrix with ndim rows and columns is created
with a diagonal of ones on the ndiag lower
diagonal. (ndiag=1 gives an identity matrix)
INT(matrix) Integer truncation of each element of matrix.
INV(matrix) Inverse of matrix.
LAG(matrix,n) Each column of the matrix is lagged n times.
LOG(matrix) Natural log of each element is taken.
NCDF(matrix) Normal cumulative density function.
NOR(nrow,ncol) Normally distributed numbers.
RANK(matrix) Rank of matrix is calculated.
SAMP(matrix,nrows) A new matrix with n rows is created by random
sampling with replacement from the old matrix.
SEAS(nob,nseas) A series of seasonal dummy variables is created.
SIN(matrix) Sine of each element of matrix is taken.
SQRT(matrix) Square root of each element of matrix is taken.
SVD(matrix) Singular Value Decomposition of matrix is
performed.
SYM(matrix) Creates a symmetric matrix from a square full
matrix.
TIME(nob,x) A vector with nob observations is created with
values equal to a time index plus x.
TRACE(matrix) Trace of matrix is calculated.
TRI(matrix) Creates a lower triangular matrix from a
square full matrix.
UNI(nrow,ncol) Random numbers between 0 and 1 is created.
VEC(matrix) Stacks columns of a matrix into a longer vector.
VEC(matrix,nrows) Unstacks a vector into a matrix with nrows.
COPY Command
The COPY command has the following format: COPY fromvar(s) tovar / options The available options are:
FROW=first;last Tells SHAZAM the first and last rows to copy.
TROW=first;last Tells SHAZAM the first and last rows of the
matrix you are copying into to be filled.
FCOL=first;last Tells SHAZAM the first and last columns to copy.
TCOL=first;last Tells SHAZAM the first and last columns of the
matrix you are copying into to be filled.
If no options are specified, all of
fromvar(s)
will be copied into
tovar
.
SORT Command
The SORT command will sort the variables specified in ascending order according to the sort variable specified. The format of the SORT command is: SORT sortvar vars / options The available options are:
DESC Sorts the specified variables in descending order.
LIST Lists all the sorted data, ie. vars and sortvar.
BEG= END= Specifies the sample range for the given SORT
command.
TIME Command
The TIME command specifies the beginning year and frequency for a time series. The format of the TIME command is: TIME beg freq var For example:
SAMPLE 1 48
TIME 1981 12 YEARMO
The data 1981.01, 1981.02, etc will be put in YEARMO.
TITLE Command
The TITLE command is used to specify a title which will be printed at the top of each page of output. The format of the TITLE command is: TITLE titleDIM Command
The DIM command dimensions a vector, or a matrix so that data may be placed in it piece by piece. The format of the DIM command is: DIM var size var size...EQ Command
The EQ command is used in conjunction with the NL command.COEF Command
The COEF command is used in conjunction with the NL command.GAMES
Global Thermonuclear WarCOMPRESS Command
The COMPRESS command is used when you have deleted some variables and have run out of space and need to squeeze out all the unused space.SAVE Command
The SAVE Command writes all variables in a file for use in a later SHAZAM run. Later you can use the RESTORE command to read back all variables that have been SAVED. This command is experimental.PAUSE Command
The PAUSE command causes the machine to PAUSE.DELETE Command
The DELETE command is used to delete variables. In general, the format is: DELETE vars The format to DELETE all variables is: DELETE / ALL At the end of a SHAZAM procedure use: DELETE / ALL_NAMES Command
The NAMES command will print out the NAMES of all variables that have been read or generated in the particular SHAZAM run. The format of the NAMES command is: NAMES or NAMES LIST which will print a table of names, the typed of variable and the size of the variable.RENAME Command
The RENAME command is used to rename variables that already exist in the current run. The format of the RENAME command is: RENAME oldname newnameRESTORE Command
The RESTORE command reads all variables that have been written with the SAVE command. Any variables currently defined with the same name as one being RESTORED will be deleted. Variables that do not have the same name as a RESTORED variable will still exist. This command will also read data from the CITIBASE tape.DO Command
The DO command provides some DO-loop capabilities that are useful for repeated calculations. For example:
DO #=1,20,2
GENR LX#=LOG(X#)
ENDO
The value of the DO character is substituted in all statements
in the loop. Any special character (eg. #, ?, %, $, !) other
than letters or numbers may be used for the DO character.
Be sure to end the DO loop with the
ENDO
statement. DO-loops can be nested up to 8 levels. Values are available
in the temporary variables $DO, $DO2 - $DO8. Type
HELP ENDO
and
HELP ENDIF
for more information.
ENDO Command
The ENDO command is used to end DO loops.ENDIF Command
The ENDIF command will terminate execution of a DO loop if the condition is true for any observation. If the ENDIF is used outside of a DO loop and the condition is true for any observation then the run will stop. In general, the format is: ENDIF(expression) where expression is the expression to be evaluated.AUTO Command
The AUTO command estimates models with autoregressive errors or moving average errors. In general, the format is: AUTO depvar indeps / options The available options are:
DLAG Used with first-order models to indicate that the
first independent variable is a LAGged Dependent
variable.
DN Divide by N instead of N-K to get Variances.
DROP Drops first observation in estimation.
GS Uses a grid search to estimate rho.
MISS Maximum likelihood estimates are adjusted for any
missing observations that were deleted with SKIPIF
commands.
ML Maximum Likelihood Estimation
NOPITER Suppresses the printing of the iterations.
PAGAN Used with ORDER=1 or ORDER=2 to estimate the model
using Pagan's ]1974( procedure.
CONV= Sets a convergence criterion when the Cochrane-Orcutt
by procedure is being used.
GAP= Used when the missing observations were included in
the data.
ITER= Used when doing an iterative Cochrane-Orcutt
procedure to control the number of iterations.
NMISS= Used with the GAP= option to indicate how many
observations are missing from the data.
NUMARMA= Used with PAGAN option to specify the number of AR
or MA coefficients to be estimated.
ORDER=n Used to estimate models with second or higher order
autocorrelation.
ORDER=-n Model will be estimated using a moving-average error
model instead of an autoregressive error model.
DLAG, DROP, GAP, GS, MISS, ML, RESTRICT, RHO and SRHO
may not be used.
RHO= Specifies rho desired by user.
SRHO= Specifies rho for second order.
Other available options are:
ANOVA, DUMP, GF, LINLOG, LIST, LOGLIN, LOGLOG, MAX, NOCONSTANT, PCOR, PCOV, RESTRICT, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=as defined for OLS . The available temporary variables on the AUTO command are:
$DF, $DW, $ERR, $K, $LLF, $N, $R2, $R2OP, $RAW, $RHO, $SIG2, $SSE, $SSR, $SST, $ZDF, ZSSR, and $ZSST.
RESTRICT Command
The RESTRICT command is used to specify restrictions that are to be imposed in estimation. When this command is used the RESTRICT option must be specified on the estimation command. Restrictions must be linear. Restrictions cannot be used with TOBIT , LOGIT , PROBIT , or NL commands. An example of the RESTRICT command on an OLS command is: OLS CONSUME INCOME PRICE / RESTRICTDLAG Command
Polynomial Distributed Lags (or Almon Lags) can be specified on AUTO , BOX , GLS , OLS , and POOL commands. SHAZAM allows the user to specify a lag length, order of polynomial and endpoint constraints on any independent variable in the model. For illustration, the OLS command is used: OLS depvar indep(first.last,order,endcon) / optionsNL Command
The NL command estimates non-linear models. In general, the format is: NL neq exogs / NCOEF= options
ACROSS Corrects for autocorrelation across equations
as well as within a single equation.
AUTO Corrects the equations for first-order
autocorrelation or for higher order if specified on
the ORDER= option.
DRHO Gives a different value of rho for each equation.
DUMP Dumps the internal code that SHAZAM has generated
for the EQ commands.
EVAL Evaluates the likelihood function for the starting
value prints out the answer without doing any
estimation if ITER=0 is specified.
GENRVAR Takes a vector of coefficients and generates a set
of scalar variables.
LOGDEN Tells SHAZAM that the equation given on the EQ
command is the LOG-DENSITY for a single observation.
MAXFUNC Maximizes the function given on the EQ command.
MINFUNC Minimizes the equation given on the EQ command.
NOCONEXOG Do not include a constant in the list of exogs variables.
NOPSIGMA Suppress printing of the sigma matrix.
NUMCOV Uses numeric difference method to compute derivatives
in the algorithm.
NUMERIC Uses the numeric difference method to compute
derivative used in the algorithm.
OPGCOV Uses the outer-product of the Gradient method to
compute the covariance matrix.
PCOV Prints an estimate of the covariance matrix of
coefficients after convergence.
SAME Will run the previous NL regression without
repeating the EQ commands.
SOLVE Solves the equations given on the EQ command as a set
of nonlinear simultaneous equations.
AUTCOV= Lag length used with the GMM= option.
CONV= Specifies the convergence criterion for the coefficients.
IN= Reads back the coefficients that were saved with the
OUT option.
ITER= Specifies the maximum number of iterations.
GMM= Specifies the weighting matrix for Generalized Method
of Moments estimation.
METHOD= Default is Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm.
An alternative is the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS).
NCOEF= Specifies the number of coefficients to be estimated.
ORDER= Specifies the order of autocorrelation to be
corrected for when the AUTO option is used.
OUT= Writes out on unit 3 the values of the coefficients
after each iteration. Useful for restarting the model
in another run with the IN option described above.
PITER= Specifies the frequency with which iterations
will be printed.
SIGMA= Saves the sigma matrix in the variable specified.
START= Uses the values in the specified variable as starting
values for the estimation.
STEPSIZE= Specifies the stepsize to use with the NUMCOV option
to control the differential in numeric derivatives.
ZMATRIX= Specifies a matrix to create and use to store the
derivatives of the nonlinear function.
Also available are:
LIST, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=as described for OLS .
NONPAR Command
The NONPAR command implements nonparametric density estimation and regression smoothing. In general, the format for density estimation is: NONPAR vars / DENSITY options In general, the format for regression smoothing is: NONPAR depvar indeps / options The available options are:
DENSITY Specifies kernel density estimation is required.
GNU Plots results with GNUPLOT.
PCOEF For regression smoothing prints the coefficients.
BRHO= Specifies the parameter for the boundary modified kernel.
COEF= For regression smoothing saves the coefficients in a matrix.
DELTA= Used with METHOD=LOWESS to group observations.
FCSE= Saves prediction standard errors in the variable specified.
HATDIAG= Saves the diagonal elements of the smoother matrix.
INCOVAR= Specifies an input covariance matrix in lower triangular
form.
ITER= Used with METHOD=LOWESS to specify the number of iterations.
METHOD= The options are EPAN, MULTI, NORMAL, QUARTIC, TRIANG,
UNIFORM, and LOWESS.
RWEIGHTS= For METHOD=LOWESS saves the robustness weights.
SIGMA= Saves conditional standard errors in the variable specified.
SMATRIX= Saves the N x N smoother matrix.
SMOOTH= Specifies the value of the smoothing parameter.
Also available are:
LIST, BEG=, END=, PREDICT=, and RESID=.
FC Command
The FC command uses a set of regression coefficients and a set of data to compute predicted values of the dependent variable and compare the predictions to the actual values. The format of the FC command when you are using the estimated coefficients from the previous regression, is: FC / options The format when reading in all the coefficients is: FC depvar indeps / options COEF= The available options are:
AFCSE Used with BLUP or IBLUP option.
BLUP,IBLUP Used in autoregressive models when the user wishes the
predicted values to be adjusted with the lagged residual,
thereby giving the best linear unbiased predictions.
DYNAMIC Performs DYNAMIC forecasts for models with a lagged
dependent variable.
MAX Equivalent to the LIST, GF, and RSTAT options.
PERCENT Displays the percentage change in the actual and
predicted values.
CSNUM= Specifies the cross-section to use on a Pooled
Cross-Section Time-Series model.
ESTEND= Specifies the last observation of the estimation
for the AUTO and POOL models.
FCSE= Saves the Forecast Standard Errors.
NC= Specifies the number of cross-sections in a Pooled
Cross-Section Time-Series model.
When the
COEF=
option is given the following options may be used:
NOCONSTANT Forced through the origin. No intercept should be
included.
UPPER Used when a TOBIT model is being run with the FC command.
LIMIT= Used when MODEL=TOBIT is specified.
MODEL= Specifies the model as : AUTO, BOX, LOGIT, OLS, POOL,
PROBIT or TOBIT.
ORDER= Specifies the order for the model for MODEL=AUTO.
POOLSE= Specifies the standard error of the cross-section in a
Pooled Cross-Section Time-Series model when POOL=TOBIT.
RHO= Specifies a value of the first-order autoregressive
parameter for the regression.
SRHO= Used with the RHO= option to specify a value of the
second order rho in a second order autoregressive model.
Also available on the
FC
command are the:
GF, LIST, BEG=, END=, PREDICT=, and RESID=options as defined for OLS .
BOX Command
The BOX command does Box-Cox regressions. In general, the format is: BOX depvar indeps / options The available options are:
ACCUR Iterates to an accuracy of .001 instead of .01 for lambda.
ALL Extends the Box-Cox model so that all variables receive
the same power transformation.
AUTO Will simultaneously estimate lambda and the first-order
autocorrelation parameter rho. With this option the DROP,
NMISS= and GAP= options as described for the AUTO command
can be used.
DN Uses N instead of N-K as the divisor for SIGMA**2.
DUMP Gives some intermediate output on the iterations.
FULL Combined Box-Cox and Box-Tidwell estimation is
done and all variables have different lambdas.
NOCONSTANT Forces the regression through the origin.
TIDWELL Box-Tidwell regression is done.
UT Untransforms the observed and predicted dependent variables.
COEF= Saves the coefficients, the lambda for each independent
variable and the rho if there is autocorrelation in the
matrix specified.
LAMBDA= Specifies a fixed value for lambda.
LAMS= Used to do a manual grid search of lambda. The starting
LAME= value (LAMS=), the ending value (LAME=) and an increment
LAMI= (LAMI=) of lambda should be specified.
RHO= Specifies the rho to be used when the AUTO option is
specified.
Other available options are:
ANOVA, GF, LIST, MAX, PCOR, PCOV, RESTRICT, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COV=, PREDICT=, and RESID=as defined for OLS . The available temporary variables on the BOX command are:
$ANF, $DF, $DW, $ERR, $K, $LLF, $N, $R2, $R2OP, $RAW, $RHO, $SIG2, $SSE, $SSR, $SST, $ZANF, $ZDF, $ZSSR, and $ZSST.
MLE Command
The MLE command does Maximum Likelihood Estimation of some regression models with non-normal errors. In general, the format of the MLE command is: MLE depvar indeps / optionsThe ANOVA, DUMP, GF, LINLOG, LIST, LOGLIN, LOGLOG, MAX, NOCONSTANT, NONORM, PCOR, PCOV, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, TRATIO=, and WEIGHT=options as defined for OLS are available on the MLE command. Also,
CONV=, IN=, ITER=, OUT=, and PITER=as defined for NL may be used on the MLE command. The following additional options are available.
LM Performs a Lagrange Multiplier test of the estimated
models against a less restricted model.
METHOD= Specifies the nonlinear algorithm to use.
TYPE= Specifies the type of distribution to be assumed for
the errors as EXP (the default), WEIBULL, EWEIBULL,
BETA, GAMMA, EGAMM, GG, EGG, LOGNORM, or EXTREMEV.
The available temporary variables on the
MLE
command are:
$DF, $DW, $ERR, $K, $LLF, $N, $R2, $R2OP, $RAW, $RHO, $SIG2, $SSE, $SSR, $SST, $ZDF, $ZSSR, and $ZSST.
ARIMA Command
The ARIMA command estimates Univariate ARIMA models. There are 3 forms of the command: IDENTIFICATION, ESTIMATION, and FORECASTING. The specified options determine which form of the ARIMA command is in effect.
ALL Compute all orders up to and including NDIFF and NSDIFF.
IAC Compute inverse autocorrelations.
(reference: Cleveland, Technometrics, 1972, pp.277-293)
GNU Prepare GNUPLOT plots for the PLOTAC, PLOTDATA, and
PLOTPAC options.
LOG Take logs of the data.
PLOTAC Plot autocorrelation function.
PLOTDATA Plot data.
PLOTPAC Plot partial autocorrelation function.
WIDE/NOWIDE Controls size of terminal screen output.
ACF= Saves the AutoCorrelation Function in the variable
specified.
BEG= END= First and last observation to be used.
NDIFF= Order of differencing to transform the data.
NLAG= The number of lags for autocorrelations. The default is 24.
NLAGP= The number of lags for partial autocorrelations. The
default is 12. (The value for NLAGP= must not exceed
that for NLAG=).
NSDIFF= Order of Seasonal Differencing.
If this is specified then NSPAN= must be set.
NSPAN= The number of periods for the seasonal cycle.
For example, set NSPAN=4 for quarterly data and
NSPAN=12 for monthly data.
PACF= Saves the Partial AutoCorrelation Function in the
variable specified.
TESTSTAT= Saves the Ljung-Box-Pierce statistics (computed at every
lag) in the variable specified.
The available temporary variables are:
$N - the number of observations used in the identification phase.
LOG, WIDE, BEG=, END=, NDIFF=, NSDIFF=, and NSPAN=.The available options as used for the OLS command are:
ANOVA, PCOR, PCOV, COV=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=.Other options are:
DN Computes the estimated variance of the regression by
dividing SIGMA**2 by N instead of (N-K).
GNU Prepare GNUPLOT plots for the PLOTRES option.
NOCONSTANT No intercept in model.
PITER Print every iteration.
PLOTRES Plot the residuals.
RESTRICT Use zero starting values as zero restrictions.
START Starting values for coefficients follow the ARIMA command.
ACF= Saves the AutoCorrelation Function of the estimated
residuals in the variable specified.
COEF= Save Coefficients in variable specified.
ITER= Maximum number of iterations. The default is 50.
NAR= Order of the AR process. (REQUIRED)
NMA= Order of the MA process (REQUIRED).
NSAR= Order of the Seasonal AR process.
If this is specified then NSPAN= must be set.
NSMA= Order of the Seasonal MA process.
If this is specified then NSPAN= must be set.
PREDICT= Save Predicted values in variable specified.
RESID= Save Residuals in variable specified.
START= A vector of starting values.
TESTSTAT= Saves the Ljung-Box-Pierce statistics (computed at every
lag - up to 60 lags) in the variable specified.
Following model estimation the available temporary variables as for the
OLS
command are:
$ERR, $K, $N, $R2, $SIG2, $SSE, $SSR, and $SST.
LOG, NOCONSTANT, BEG=, END=, NAR=, NDIFF=, NMA=, NSAR=, NSDIFF=, NSMA=, NSPAN=, PREDICT=, and RESID=.Other options are:
GNU Prepare GNUPLOT plots for the PLOTFORC option.
PLOTFORC Plot the forecast with error bounds.
STOCHAST For first differenced models compute the
Beveridge/Nelson stochastic trend.
(reference: Journal of Monetary Economics, 1981).
COEF= Input coefficient variable. If this is not specified
then coefficients must be entered on the line following
the ARIMA command.
FBEG= The origin date of the forecast (required).
FEND= Last observation to forecast (required).
(The maximum number of forecasts is 200.)
FCSE= Saves the forecast standard errors in the variable.
SIGMA= Used in calculating the forecast standard errors.
By default the data for the current sample period will
be used to estimate SIGMA. A recommended approach is
following estimation enter GEN1 S=SQRT($SIG2).
Then use the option SIGMA=S for the ARIMA forecasting.
BAYES Command
The BAYES command is used to specify the number of replications desired, and is also followed by the RESTRICT commands that specify the inequality restrictions. Following the RESTRICT commands, an END command must be placed. Finally, the BAYES command must itself follow an estimation command such as OLS . In general, the format is: BAYES / options NSAMP= The available options on the BAYES command are:
NOANTITHET Omits the ANTITHETIC replications.
NORMAL Assumes the coefficients are normally distributed
rather than t distributed.
PSIGMA Prints the original covariance matrix.
DF= Specifies the degrees of freedom for the t-distribution.
NSAMP= Used to specify the number of desired replications.
OUTUNIT= Specifies a Unit to use to write all the replicated
coefficients.
CONFID Command
SHAZAM automatically computes the Confidence Intervals for any coefficients from a previous estimation with the CONFID command. In general, the format is: CONFID co1 co2 ... / options The available PLOT options are:EGA, GNU, GOAWAY, GRAPHICS, HERCULES, HOLD, NOBLANK, PAUSE, PRINT, SYMBOL, VGA, WIDE/NOWIDE, MODE=, XMAX=, XMIN=, YMAX=, and YMIN=.Other available options are:
NOFPLOT Deletes the joint confidence region plot if two
coefficients were specified.
NOMID Used when you are computing the FPLOT.
NORMAL Normal distribution used in computing confidence regions.
NOTPLOT Deletes the computation of the confidence intervals for
individual coefficients based on the t or normal
distribution and suppresses the drawing of the (+) symbol.
DF= Specifies the Degrees of Freedom required.
FCRIT= Specifies a critical value from an F distribution to
use for the joint confidence region plot.
POINTS= Specifies the number of points desired in the
construction of the confidence ellipse for the FPLOT.
TCRIT= Allows the calculation of intervals other than the
95% interval.
DIAGNOS Command
The DIAGNOS command performs diagnostic tests after OLS estimation. In general, the format is: DIAGNOS / options The available options are:
ACF Prints the Autocorrelation Function of residuals
and associated test statistics for various orders of
autocorrelation.
BACKWARD Used with the RECUR option if you want to compute
BACKWARDS recursive residuals.
BOOTLIST Used with the BOOTSAMP= option to print the entire
list of Bootstrapped coefficients for every
generated sample.
CHOWTEST Used to obtain a set of sequential Chow test
statistics and sequential Goldfeld-Quandt test
statistics which split the sample in 2 pieces at
every possible point.
CTEST Computes Pinkse's C-test for serial independence of
the residuals and saves the results in $CTES.
GNU Prepares gnuplot plots of the recursive residuals when
the MAX or RECUR options are specified.
HET Runs a series of tests for heteroskedasticity.
JACKKNIFE Runs a series of regressions, successively omitting
a different observation to get the "Jackknife
Coefficient Estimates".
LIST Prints a table of observed and predicted values of
the dependent variable, and regression residuals.
MAX This option is equivalent to specifying the LIST,
RECUR, ACF, RECEST, RECRESID, BACKWARD, CHOWTEST,
RESET and HET options.
RECEST/ Used with the RECUR option if you want to print the
NORECEST recursive estimated residuals.
RECRESID/ Used with the RECUR option if you want to print the
NORECRESID recursive residuals.
RECUR Performs Recursive Estimation by running a series
of regressions adding one observation per regression.
Recursive residuals and CUSUM tests are printed.
RESET Used to compute the Ramsey RESET specification tests.
WIDE/NOWIDE NOWIDE reduces the width of output to 80 columns from
120 columns.
BOOTSAMP= Bootstraps the previous OLS regression.
BOOTUNIT= Writes out the generated coefficients for each sample
in a Bootstrap experiment on the unit specified.
CHOWONE= Specifies the breakpoint for the Chow test.
GQOBS= Used with the CHOWTEST option to specify the number
of observations to be omitted for the Goldfeld-Quandt
test.
MHET= Used with CHOWTEST or RECUR options to specify M, the
number of residuals to use in Harvey's Recursive
Residual Exact Heteroskedasticity test.
RECUNIT= Used with the RECUR option if you want to write the
recursive estimates and residuals on the Fortran Unit
number specified.
SIGLEVEL= Used with RECUR option to specify the significance
level desired for the CUSUM and CUMSUMSQ tests.
PC Command
The PC command does Principal Components and Factor Analysis. In general, the format of the PC command is: PC vars / options The available options are:
COR Analysis is done on the correlation matrix.
LIST Lists the matrix of Principal Components.
MAX Equivalent to specifying the PEVEC,PRM,PFM,LIST
and NCODE=1 options.
PCOLLIN Prints the proportion of the variance of the
estimate accounted for by each principal component.
PEVEC Print the matrix of EigenVECtors.
PFM Prints the Factor Loading Matrix for the retained
factors.
PRM Computes and prints the Rotated Factor Matrix by a
Varimax rotation.
RAW Indicates that analysis is to be done on the original
RAW cross-product matrix instead of the deviations
from the means cross-product matrix.
SCALE Indicates that analysis is to be done on a scaled
cross-product matrix.
EVAL= Specifies the vector in which to save the EigenVALues.
EVEC= Specifies the matrix in which to save the EigenVECtors.
MAXFACT= Specifies the Maximum number of FACTors to be retained.
MINEIG= Specifies the minimum eigenvalue allowed to retain a
component.
NC= The normalization code which must be specified if a
listing of the actual retained components is desired.
The codes are:
1. No normalization, variance is lambda/(n-1)
2. Variance is 1/(n-1)
3. Variance is lambda
4. Variance is 1
where lambda is the eigenvalue corresponding to the
component and n is the number of observations.
PCINFO= Saves PC information needed for regressions on
Principal Components in the matrix specified.
PCOMP= Specifies a matrix into which the principal
components will be put.
POOL Command
The POOL command does Pooled Cross Section - Time Series estimation under certain model specifications and conditions. In general, the format is: POOL depvar indeps / options NC= The available options are:
CORCOEF Estimates rho using the correlation coefficient form
to confine the estimate of rho to [-1 , +1].
DN Uses a divisor of T instead of T-K for the PHI matrix.
FULL Estimates the full cross-sectionally correlated and
and time wise autoregressive model.
HETCOV Pooled OLS estimation with "Panel Corrected Standard
Errors" (PCSE).
MULSIGSQ Multiplies Covariance Matrix by Sigma**2.
Use NOMULSIGSQ to turn this off.
SAME Forces all values of rho to be equal for each of
the cross-sections.
CONV= Convergence criteria when ITER= is used.
ITER= Maximum number of iterations.
NCROSS= Specifies the number of cross-sections in the data.
NTIME= Specifies the number of time periods in the data.
RHO= Specifies a value of rho to use instead of the
estimated values.
Other available options are:
ANOVA, DLAG, DUMP, GF, LINLOG, LIST, LM, LOGLIN, LOGLOG, MAX,
NOCONSTANT, PCOR, PCOV, RESTRICT, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=,
COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=
as defined for
OLS
and BLUP and UT as for
GLS
.
The available temporary variables on the
POOL
command are:
$ANF, $DF, $ERR, $DW, $K, $LLF, $N, $R2, $R2OP, $RAW, $RHO, $SIG2,
$SSE, $SSR, $SST, $ZANF, $ZDF, $ZSSR, and $ZSST.
ROBUST Command
The ROBUST command performs the Robust Estimation Method. In general, the format is: ROBUST depvar indeps / options The available options are:
FIVEQUAN Uses the five quantile values in computing regression
quantiles.
GASTWIRT Uses the Gastwirth weighting scheme in computing
regression quantiles.
LAE Default method that specifies the Least Absolute
Error model.
TUKEY Uses the Tukey Trimean weighting scheme in computing
regression quantiles.
UNCOR Used with the MULTIT= option and it specifies that
the uncorrelated error model is requested.
CONV= Used with the MULTIT= option and it specifies a
convergence criterion to stop the iterative procedure.
DIFF= Used with the MULTIT= option and it specifies the
maximum number of iterations allowed in the
iterative procedure.
ITER= Used with MULTIT to specify the maximum number of
iterations allowed in the iterative procedure used
to obtain the estimates.
MULTIT= Specifies that the Multivariate-t method should be used.
THETA= Specifies a value of THETA to use for the Regression
Quantile method.
THETAB= These options specify the beginning, ending and
THETAE= increments to be used for a grid search over THETA
THETAI= values for the Regression Quantile method.
TRIM= Specifies that Trimmed Least Squares is desired.
Other options available are:
GNU, LINLOG, LIST, LOGLIN, LOGLOG, MAX, PCOR, PCOV, RSTAT, BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=as defined for OLS .
HET Command
The HET command implements the estimation of models which require correction for heteroskedastic errors. In general, the format is: HET depvar indeps (exogs) / options The available options are:
PRESAMP Sets the initial value for the presample data
in all iterations.
ARCH= Specifies the order q of the ARCH process.
ARCHM= Specifies the functional form for the ARCH-in-Mean
term. Set ARCHM=0 for the log of the variance function
and set ARCHM=0.5 for the square root of the variance
function.
GARCH= Specifies the order p of the lagged conditional
variances in the GARCH process.
GMATRIX= Specifies an NxK matrix to use to store the derivatives
of the log-likelihood function at each observation.
This option is not available with the NUMERIC option.
MACH= Specifies the order of the moving average process in
models with ARCH errors.
MODEL= Specifies the form of heteroskedasticity.
Available options are:
ARCH - for ARCH models
DEPVAR - Dependent Variable Heteroskedasticity
MULT - Multiplicative Heteroskedasticity
STDLIN - Standard Deviation is a linear function
of exogenous variables
VARLIN - Variance is a linear function of exogenous
variables
START= Specifies a vector of starting values for the estimation.
STDRESID= Saves the standardized residuals in the variable specified.
Other available options are:
DUMP, LINLOG, LIST, LOGLIN, LOGLOG, MAX, NOCONSTANT, PCOR, PCOV, RSTAT,
BEG=, END=, COEF=, COV=, PREDICT=, RESID=, STDERR=, and TRATIO=
as defined for the
OLS
command.
NUMCOV, NUMERIC, OPGCOV, CONV=, ITER=, METHOD=, PITER=, and STEPSIZE=
as defined for the
NL
command.
Temporary variables that are available are:
$ERR, $K, $LLF, $N, and $R2OP.
LP Command
The LP command gives the solution to a linear programming problem. In general, the format is: LP c A b / options The available options are:UMP Prints information for SHAZAM consultants. MIN Indicates that the problem is a MINimization problem. ITER= Maximum number of iterations. DUAL= Saves the dual solution in the vector specified. DSLACK= Saves the dual slack variables in the vector specified. PRIMAL= Saves the primal solution in the vector specified. PSLACK= Saves the primal slack variables in the vector specified.
EXEC Command
The EXEC command runs a SHAZAM procedure. Also see PROC and PROCEND . The format is: EXEC procnamePROC Command
The PROC command is the first command in a SHAZAM procedure. Also see PROCEND and EXEC . The format is: PROC procname .... procedure commands .... DELETE / ALL_ (optional) PROCENDPROCEND Command
The PROCEND command is the last command in a SHAZAM procedure. Also see PROC and EXEC .CHECKOUT Command
The CHECKOUT command displays characteristics of the machine and operating system for SHAZAM running at this installation. This is usually only useful for debugging purposes.PAR Command
The PAR command is used to change the amount of memory used as a workspace in SHAZAM. Par can be set on a system command or it can be changed in a SHAZAM session. The format is: PAR number For example:
PAR 50
The
PAR
command is not available for SHAZAMC or SHAZAMN on the PC
or Macintosh versions or some mainframe versions.
On SHAZAME, SHAZAMO, SHAZAMP see instructions in the manual.
FILE Command
The FILE command is used to assign units to files. The format is: FILE unit filename For example:
FILE 11 MYDATAFILE
In addition, the
FILE
command can be used to assign special units, these are:
FILE CLOSE filename - Closes the specified filename.
FILE DELETE filename - Delete the specified filename.
FILE HELPDEMO pathname - Specifies a directory path for the
SHAZAM HELP and DEMO files.
FILE INPUT filename - If all the commands are in a file,
this command is used.
FILE KEYBOARD filename - Places a copy of all commands typed
on a keyboard into a file. Not
available on all computers.
FILE LIST filename - Lists the specified file on the screen.
FILE OUTPUT filename - Puts the output in the assigned filename.
This should be the first FILE command.
FILE PATH pathname - Specifies a directory path to use to
search for files.
FILE PLOTPATH pathname - Specifies a directory path for the
GNUPLOT program.
FILE PRINT filename - Prints the file specified on a printer.
(Available for Macintosh only)
FILE PROC filename - Load the PROC from filename.
FILE PROCPATH pathname - Searches the directory path for PROCS.
FILE SCREEN filename - Displays the output on the screen and puts
the output in a file simultaneously.
FILE TEMP pathname - Specifies a directory path for temporary
scratch files.
FLS Command
The FLS command implements time-varying linear regression via flexible least squares. In general, the format is: FLS depvar indeps / options where depvar is the dependent variable and indeps is a list of independent variables with coefficients which evolve over time. The available options are:
GNU Plot the time paths of the coefficients with GNUPLOT.
PCOEF Print the sequence of coefficient estimates.
COEF= Saves the FLS estimates in a N x K matrix.
DELTA= Specifies the smoothing weight in the range (0,1).
The default value is DELTA=.5.
Other available options:
MAX, NOCONSTANT, BEG=, END=, PREDICT=, and RESID=.
LAMBDA Command
The LAMBDA restriction command is used with the BOX command to impose restrictions on LAMBDA on individual variables. The RESTRICT option on the BOX command must be specified if the LAMBDA command is used. The END command must follow the restrictions. For example:
BOX MONEY INCOME INTRST / RESTRICT ALL
LAMBDA INCOME=0
END
Continuation Lines
Commands may be up to 4096 characters long including any continuation lines. To continue a command to the next line you type a & character at the end of the line, for example:
OLS CONSUME INCOME PRICE / RSTAT PCOV &
PCOR LIST
This is exactly equivalent to:
OLS CONSUME INCOME PRICE / RSTAT PCOV PCOR LIST
There is no limit to the number of continuation lines, but the
total number of characters in any command must not exceed 4096.
Many computers will not accept a single line longer than 80 columns
however, continuation lines can be used.
Temporary Variables
Temporary Variables are statistics available for use in GENR or GEN1 statements that have been computed from previous commands. The names are:
$ADR2, $ANF, $CDF, $CHI, $CRIT, $CT11, $CT12, $CT22, $DF, $DF1, $DF2,
$DO, $DO2-$DO8, $DW, $ERR, $F, $K, $LLF, $N, $PDF, $PI, $R2, $R2OP,
$RAW, $RHO, $SIG2, $SSE, $SSR, $SST, $STES, $T, $VAL, $VAL1, $VAL2,
$ZANF, $ZDF, and $ZSSR.
Definitions of these Temporary Variables can be found in the
manual.
Error Codes
* Error Codes for all commands.
1010 ...INSUFFICIENT MEMORY-AT LEAST ??? MORE WORDS NEEDED
THIS REQUIRES AT LEAST PAR=??? CURRENT PAR=???
1011 ...ERROR..DATA ON VARIABLE ??? DOES NOT EXIST
1012 ...INVALID OPTION
1013 ...ERROR.. ??? EXCEEDS MAXCOL=??? USE SET MAXCOL=
1014 ...ERROR..VARIABLE ??? DOES NOT EXIST
1015 ...ERROR.. ??? EXCEEDS MAXCOL= ??? USE SET MAXCOL=
1016 ...SYNTAX ERROR IN LINE ABOVE NEAR $
1017 ...ERROR ... COMMAND TOO LONG
* Error Codes for the OLS command.
6010 ...ERROR..VARIABLE ??? IS ON BOTH SIDES OF EQUATION
6011 ...ERROR..IN RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
6012 ...ERROR..INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS
6013 ...INSUFFICIENT NUMBER OF VARIABLES SPECIFIED
6014 ...ERROR ??? OBSERVATIONS IS NOT ENOUGH FOR ESTIMATION
6015 ...ERROR..RESTRICT AND RIDGE OPTIONS NOT ALLOWED
6016 ...ERROR..VARIABLE ??? IS NOT VALID
6017 ...INSUFFICIENT MEMORY TO CORRECT COVARIANCE MATRIX
* Error Codes for the TEST, RESTRICT, and LAMBDA commands.
15008 ...INSUFFICIENT MEMORY FOR THIS CALCULATION
15009 ...SYNTAX ERROR IN LINE ABOVE
15010
15011 ...ERROR..??? DOES NOT EXIST
15012 ...ERROR.. ??? IS NOT IN EQUATION
15013 ...ERROR..MORE EQUATIONS THAN PARAMETERS
15014 ...ERROR..THIS COMMAND MUST FOLLOW AN ESTIMATION COMMAND
15015 ...TEST COULD NOT BE DONE
15016 ...RESTRICTIONS COULD NOT BE DONE
15017 ...ABOVE COMMAND IS INVALID FOR THIS PROBLEM
15018 ...ERROR.COMMAND IS NOT A RESTRICT, TEST, OR END COMMAND
* Error Codes for the PLOT and CONFID commands.
28010 ...ERROR IN RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
28011 ...ERROR..INVALID COEFFICIENTS OR OPTIONS
28012 ...AXIS ERROR: TRY NOPRETTY OPTION ??? ??? ??? ???
* Error Codes for the POOL command.
29010 ...ERROR..MISSING RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
29011 ...ERROR..INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS
29012 ...ERROR..NCROSS= OR NTIME= NOT SPECIFIED
29013 ...ERROR..INVALID LIST OF EXOGENOUS VARIABLES
29014 ...ERROR..TIME-PERIODS NOT OF EQUAL LENGTH
29015 ...ESTIMATION FAILED DUE TO UNSTABLE RHO = ???
29016 ...ERROR..FOUND IN ROW ???
29017 ...MATRIX IS NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE
29018 ...ITERATION LIMIT EXCEEDED
* Error Codes for the SYSTEM and 2SLS command.
50010 ...ERROR..MISSING RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
50011 ...ERROR..NO. OF EQUATIONS NOT GIVEN ON SYSTEM COMMAND
50012 ...ABOVE COMMAND IGNORED, IS NOT ALLOWED AT THIS TIME
50013 ...ERROR..UNIT ??? IS RESERVED FOR INTERNAL USE
50014 ...PROBLEM TOO LARGE.TOO MANY VARIABLES OR RESTRICTIONS
50015 ...ERROR...EQUATION ??? IS UNDERIDENTIFIED
50016 ...SIGMA.MATRIX IS NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE
50017 ...MATRIX IS NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE
50018 ...ERROR..EXOG VAR ?? IS A CONSTANT..A CONSTANT IS
AUTOMATICALLY INCLUDED
50019 ...MATRIX OF EXOGENOUS VARIABLES IS NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE
* Error Codes for the NL, MLE, and HET commands.
52010 ...ERROR..SAME OPTION NEEDS PREVIOUS NL OR MLE COMMAND
52011 ...ERROR.. START= VARIABLE DOES NOT EXIST
52012 ...ERROR..LOGLOG, LOGLIN, LINLOG OPTIONS NOT AVAILABLE
52013 ...ERROR..CONVERGENCE SET TO ZERO
52014 ...ERROR..IN RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ??
52015 ...ERROR.. YOU FORGOT TO SPECIFY NCOEF=
52016 ...ERROR.. EXOGENOUS VARIABLES NOT ALLOWED
52017 ...ERROR..ARCH ERRORS NOT ALLOWED
52018 ...ERROR.. INVALID MODEL= OPTION
52019 ...ERROR.. TYPE= OPTION NOT ALLOWED
52020 ...SYNTAX ERROR IN LINE ABOVE
52021 ...ERROR..ATTEMPT TO USE ??? PARAMETERS FROM UNIT ??? FAILED
52022 ...ERROR..SET SAMPLE COMMAND TO USE ONLY ONE OBSERVATION
52023 *** FAILURE TO COMPLETE A LINE SEARCH IN 20 FUNCTION
EVALUATIONS. THIS IS PROBABLY BECAUSE THE LIKELIHOOD
FUNCTION HAS NO GLOBAL MAXIMUM
52024 No Message: Too Many Parameters required, XXIT(10)
52025 ...COVARIANCE MATRIX AND STD ERRORS ARE INCORRECT
52026 ...ERROR..DEP VAR IN OB. NO. ??? IS NOT POSITIVE
52027 ...MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
52028 ...ERROR..GMM=??? IS INVALID OR WRONG DIMENSION
52029 ...HESSIAN IS NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE
52030 ...GRAD TRANSPOSE TIMES X GREATER THAN OR EQUAL ZERO
CONV SET TOO SMALL?
* Error Codes for the PROBIT, LOGIT and TOBIT commands.
55010 ...ERROR IN RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
55011 ...ERROR ??? OBSERVATIONS IS NOT ENOUGH FOR ESTIMATION
55012 ...MAXIMUM ITERATIONS REACHED
55013 ...MODEL HAS BLOWN UP WITH -XB= ???
55014 ...ERROR..DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS A CONSTANT
55015 ...OBSERVATION ??? HAS ILLEGAL DEP VAR ??
* Error Codes for the TOBIT command.
57012 ...THERE ARE NO OBSERVATIONS AT THE LIMIT
57013 ...ALL OBSERVATIONS ARE AT THE LIMIT
* Error Codes for the PC command.
65010 ...MISSING RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
65011 ...DISASTER..IN EIGENVALUE OF ROW ???
* Error Codes for the ARIMA command.
72010 ...ERROR..MISSING RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
72011 ...ERROR..INVALID TYPE= OPTION
72012 ...ERROR..INVALID NLAG OR NLAGP
72013 ...ERROR..SPAN OF SEASONAL CYCLE NOT SET
72014 ...ERROR..THE FORECAST LIMIT IS 200
72015 ...ERROR..REQUIRE FEND>FBEG
72016 ...ERROR..FBEG IS OUTSIDE SAMPLE RANGE
72017 ...ERROR..START= VARIABLE DOES NOT EXIST
72018 ...ERROR..NO VARIABLE SPECIFIED FOR ANALYSIS
72019 ...ERROR..PRE-SAMPLE VALUES EXCEEDS 104
72020 ...ERROR..TOO FEW OBSERVATIONS
72021 ...ERROR..TOO FEW COEFFICIENTS OR INVALID COEFFICIENTS
72022 ...ERROR..ORIGIN DATE IS LESS THAN MAXIMUM AR LAG
72023 ...ERROR..INVALID PARAMETER LIST
72024 *** SPECIFICATION ERROR, PLEASE CHANGE ***
72028 ...NO CONVERGENCE AFTER ??? ITERATIONS
INITIAL SUM OF SQS= ??? FINAL SUM OF SQS =???
72029 ...FAILED TO REDUCE SSE FURTHER AFTER ??? ITERATIONS
INITIAL SSE = ??? FINAL SSE = ???
* Error Codes for the COINT command.
72025 ...ERROR..COINTEGRATION TESTS NEED MORE VARIABLES
72026 ...ERROR..NDIFF= OPTION NOT AVAILABLE
72027 ...ERROR..TOO FEW OBSERVATIONS
* Error Codes for the ROBUST command.
77010 ...ERROR..MISSING RIGHT HAND SIDE OF OPTION ???
77011 ...ILLEGAL THETA VALUES ??? ??? ???
77012 ...SOLUTION NONUNIQUE
77013 ...PREMATURE END
7014 ...EXIT CODE=??? DEGREES OF FREEDOM PROBLEM
77015 ...TRIM PROPORTION OF ??? TOO LOW OR TOO HIGH WITH ONLY ???
OBSERVATIONS
77016 ...ESTIMATION FAILED WITH DIFF=??? USE DIFF= OPTION
77017 ...MATRIX IS NOT POSITIVE DEFINITE
* Error Codes for the HET command.
79001 ...THE STARTING VALUES GIVE NEGATIVE VARIANCE OR OVERFLOWS
* Error Codes for the NONPAR command.
96010 ...ERROR... CONSTANT OPTION NOT ALLOWED
96011 ...ERROR... SMOOTH= OPTION INVALID
96012 ...ERROR... A REGRESSOR IS REQUIRED
96013 ...ERROR... ONLY ONE REGRESSOR ALLOWED
96014 ...ERROR.. xxxx VARIABLE NOT VALID
96015 ...ERROR... SKIPPED OBSERVATIONS NOT ALLOWED
96016 ...ERROR.. xxxx OPTION NOT VALID
96017 ...ERROR.. INCOVAR= ARRAY HAS TOO FEW ELEMENTS
96020 ...INVALID METHOD= OPTION
96021 ...ERROR .. DIVIDE BY ZERO